A/B testing with same-URL direct access

JavaScript

const NAME = "myExampleWorkersABTest";

export default {
  async fetch(req) {
    const url = new URL(req.url);

    // Enable Passthrough to allow direct access to control and test routes.
    if (url.pathname.startsWith("/control") || url.pathname.startsWith("/test"))
      return fetch(req);

    // Determine which group this requester is in.
    const cookie = req.headers.get("cookie");

    if (cookie && cookie.includes(`${NAME}=control`)) {
      url.pathname = "/control" + url.pathname;
    } else if (cookie && cookie.includes(`${NAME}=test`)) {
      url.pathname = "/test" + url.pathname;
    } else {
      // If there is no cookie, this is a new client. Choose a group and set the cookie.
      const group = Math.random() < 0.5 ? "test" : "control"; // 50/50 split
      if (group === "control") {
        url.pathname = "/control" + url.pathname;
      } else {
        url.pathname = "/test" + url.pathname;
      }
      // Reconstruct response to avoid immutability
      let res = await fetch(url);
      res = new Response(res.body, res);
      // Set cookie to enable persistent A/B sessions.
      res.headers.append("Set-Cookie", `${NAME}=${group}; path=/`);
      return res;
    }
    return fetch(url);
  },
};

TypeScript

const NAME = "myExampleWorkersABTest";

export default {
  async fetch(req): Promise<Response> {
    const url = new URL(req.url);
    // Enable Passthrough to allow direct access to control and test routes.
    if (url.pathname.startsWith("/control") || url.pathname.startsWith("/test"))
      return fetch(req);
    // Determine which group this requester is in.
    const cookie = req.headers.get("cookie");
    if (cookie && cookie.includes(`${NAME}=control`)) {
      url.pathname = "/control" + url.pathname;
    } else if (cookie && cookie.includes(`${NAME}=test`)) {
      url.pathname = "/test" + url.pathname;
    } else {
      // If there is no cookie, this is a new client. Choose a group and set the cookie.
      const group = Math.random() < 0.5 ? "test" : "control"; // 50/50 split
      if (group === "control") {
        url.pathname = "/control" + url.pathname;
      } else {
        url.pathname = "/test" + url.pathname;
      }
      // Reconstruct response to avoid immutability
      let res = await fetch(url);
      res = new Response(res.body, res);
      // Set cookie to enable persistent A/B sessions.
      res.headers.append("Set-Cookie", `${NAME}=${group}; path=/`);
      return res;
    }
    return fetch(url);
  },
} satisfies ExportedHandler;

Python

import random
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
from workers import Response, fetch

NAME = "myExampleWorkersABTest"

async def on_fetch(request):
    url = urlparse(request.url)
    # Uncomment below when testing locally
    # url = url._replace(netloc="example.com") if "localhost" in url.netloc else url

    # Enable Passthrough to allow direct access to control and test routes.
    if url.path.startswith("/control") or url.path.startswith("/test"):
        return fetch(urlunparse(url))

    # Determine which group this requester is in.
    cookie = request.headers.get("cookie")

    if cookie and f'{NAME}=control' in cookie:
        url = url._replace(path="/control" + url.path)
    elif cookie and f'{NAME}=test' in cookie:
        url = url._replace(path="/test" + url.path)
    else:
        # If there is no cookie, this is a new client. Choose a group and set the cookie.
        group = "test" if random.random() < 0.5 else "control"
        if group == "control":
            url = url._replace(path="/control" + url.path)
        else:
            url = url._replace(path="/test" + url.path)

        # Reconstruct response to avoid immutability
        res = await fetch(urlunparse(url))
        headers = dict(res.headers)
        headers["Set-Cookie"] = f'{NAME}={group}; path=/'
        return Response(res.body, headers=headers)

    return fetch(urlunparse(url))

Hono

import { Hono } from "hono";
import { getCookie, setCookie } from "hono/cookie";

const app = new Hono();

const NAME = "myExampleWorkersABTest";

// Enable passthrough to allow direct access to control and test routes
app.all("/control/*", (c) => fetch(c.req.raw));
app.all("/test/*", (c) => fetch(c.req.raw));

// Middleware to handle A/B testing logic
app.use("*", async (c) => {
  const url = new URL(c.req.url);

  // Determine which group this requester is in
  const abTestCookie = getCookie(c, NAME);

  if (abTestCookie === "control") {
    // User is in control group
    url.pathname = "/control" + c.req.path;
  } else if (abTestCookie === "test") {
    // User is in test group
    url.pathname = "/test" + c.req.path;
  } else {
    // If there is no cookie, this is a new client
    // Choose a group and set the cookie (50/50 split)
    const group = Math.random() < 0.5 ? "test" : "control";

    // Update URL path based on assigned group
    if (group === "control") {
      url.pathname = "/control" + c.req.path;
    } else {
      url.pathname = "/test" + c.req.path;
    }

    // Set cookie to enable persistent A/B sessions
    setCookie(c, NAME, group, {
      path: "/",
    });
  }

  const res = await fetch(url);

  return c.body(res.body, res);
});

export default app;